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Respiratory Syncytial Virus, 2008.
This paper looks at respiratory syncytial virus and its possible treatment.
2,476 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA negative-sense stranded enveloped virus. The writer notes that infection with the virus is implicated in the condition bronchiolitis, which is a condition which affects predominantly infants. Often there is little need for laboratory diagnosis as the clinical symptoms and history allow for accurate diagnosis of the condition. The writer discusses the treatment of RSV that currently focuses on treatment of the condition's symptoms. This involves the use of anti-inflammatories to control the fever, and bronchodilators or corticosteroids to control the effects present in the pulmonary system. The writer concludes that there is currently no preventative vaccine for RSV although there have been developments relating to prophylactic medication which can be administered to at risk children.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Micro-Organism
Transmission
Symptoms
Pathology of the Disease
Onset and Incubation Period
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
From the Paper
"RSV is transmitted in respiratory secretions. This means that it may be contracted through close contact with anyone who has the infection, or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. The fact that the virus is able to survive for only short periods outside the body reduces the probability of contracting the virus through contact with surfaces. Infection occurs when the infected respiratory secretions come into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth or nose. It is possible that the disease may also be transmitted through inhaling droplets from the coughs or sneezes of infectious persons.
"In areas which have the correct type of temperate climate to encourage proliferation, community outbreaks of RSV occur. These usually begin in the fall and may last from four to six months."
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American Proposal to Combat Climate Change, 2007.
An analysis of President George W. Bush's proposal of a new global initiative to combat climate change.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses President Bush's proposal regarding a united response to climate change that was a big issue at the G8 summit in 2007. The writer explains the reasons for America's refusal to sign the Kyoto Protocol and gives a brief overview of how climate change is affecting government and corporate policy in the U.S. and the rest of the world. The writer concludes that America's proposal involving all the biggest carbon emitting nations means that a unified international response to global warming is increasingly likely and companies that have already invested in clean energy will see profitable returns.
Outline:
Event
Significance
Analysis
From the Paper
"At the 2007 year Group of Eight Summit (June 6th-8th, 2007) President Bush urged the G8 nations along with the major industrializing nations, like India and China who were exempt from the requirements of the Kyoto protocol, to begin a series of talks about embracing a new approach to combating climate change. This US led approach "is designed to harness the power of markets and technological innovation" (The White House, 2007) and involves the removal of nation-states' tariff barriers on new environmentally-friendly technologies (SMH Website, 2007). The fact that the US has decided to become proactive about combating climate change in this way may have a significant influence on the decisions made globally by businesses and investors, leading to investment in more environmentally friendly technologies."
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Sierra Leone, 2008.
A look at the causes behind the population increase in Sierra Leone today.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of Sierra Leone and shows how for nearly two decades, Sierra Leone's population has been deprived due to war, poverty, poor education, corrupt political officials and rampant rebel forces. The paper then looks at recent times and discusses the assistance of world organizations, foreign investment and a more stable political structure that have caused the population of Sierra Leone to increase in number and in standard of living.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to examine the history of the country to comprehend the decimation of Sierra Leone's population in the past due to mortality and migration, and the reasons behind such a reduction. European slave traders in Sierra Leone were among the first in west Africa. By 1652, slaves were being shipped from the area to the United States in vast numbers . However, in 1787, the British assisted 400 freed slaves in resettling the Sierra Leone area in what they called the "Province of Freedom". The plan, however, was nearly destroyed as disease and hostility from the local inhabitants nearly eliminated the entire population. The area survived, however, and became known as "Freetown" by 1792."
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TsiTsi Dangarembga's "Nervous Conditions", 2008.
This paper is a review of TsiTsi Dangarembga's "Nervous Conditions", set in colonial Rhodesia and published in Zimbabwe in 1988.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Set in 1969 colonial Rhodesia and published in Zimbabwe in 1988, TsiTsi Dangarembga's "Nervous Conditions" is regarded as a postcolonial text as it is written "after the empire" and deals with the legacies of colonialism. This paper attempts to isolate colonial traumas in the text by examining colonial education and demonstrating its role in the inception of "Nervous Conditions". Secondly, the author demonstrates how the requirement of intensification of "colonial rivalries" in the maintenance of "Nervous Conditions" is markedly important in the text: the traumas of the narrator Tambu and her female family members are a result of the coalition between patriarchal structures and colonial projects. The coalition is explored through examining the resultant convolution of power structures, the "unbearable contradiction" it thrusts on the female characters and the ways they use it to resist patriarchy.
This paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not include a works cited page.
From the Paper
"It has been observed that the colonial institution of education works to strip the Shona culture and language of the characters in the text, as well as "trapping" them in "unbearable contradictions," which characterise Nervous Conditions. The trauma depicted in the text, however, is not reflected in this study of colonial education alone. By examining the coalition of patriarchal structures and colonial projects, we are able to see the convolution of power structures that the women "borderline," as well as the "unbearable contradiction" this allegiance produces for the female characters. It has also been shown that the powers of the patriarchal structures in the text are not equal to the colonial structures they ally with; and the female characters of Nervous Conditions use this in their resistance. This form of resistance, however, is far from representing the women's resistance in the text: it is Lucia, Tambu's "illiterate aunt," who has a power that "owes nothing to the benefits of Westernisation," and who grabs "the patriarchal authority that by the ears"."
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Forum Theatre and Peace Building, 2008.
An outline of Forum Theatre, a useful tool for facilitating conflict transformation of people directly involved in conflict situations.
3,702 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the specific theater-based strategy for achieving 'peace with justice' known as Forum Theater. The paper notes that world-wide there are various theater companies, political activists and community workers who have been using Forum Theater for at least thirty years. The paper discusses two particularly different attempts to use Forum Theater as a tool for conflict transformation and resolution, one in Nigeria and the other in Canada. The paper thus analyzes these events through the lens of J.P. Lederach's three peace building gaps: the interdependence gap, the justice gap and the process-structure gap.
Outline:
The Interdependence Gap
The Justice Gap
The Process-Structure Gap
From the Paper
"It was due to its inability to bridge this interdependence gap that the Forum Theatre project in Vancouver, Canada failed. The projects goal was to submit the suggestions obtained in the performance to the local council such that new initiatives could be developed by the council to improve the situation for the vulnerable people in their community."
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Tet-Offensive and Public Opinion, 2007.
An analysis of the significance of the Tet-offensive on American public opinion during the Vietnam War.
2,685 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the Tet-offensive, a three-staged attack by the Communist forces on many towns and bases that were under American or French control. The paper reveals that it was the first time the Communist forces were able to muster such a large attack without any knowledge by the Allies. The paper also considers the influence of televised news and the coming of age of a new generation of Americans. The paper shows how the Tet-offensive was the most damaging blow to American support of the war at home, and so can be seen as a turning point for the Vietnam War.
From the Paper
"In 1950 when President Harry Truman sent the first initial monetary support to help France's efforts in Vietnam, no one could have guessed the level of American involvement that would follow in the next twenty years. During this time as the numbers of dead and wounded Americans grew, so did the percentage of people that were in opposition to the Vietnam War. This is significant as it represents the first time in American history that the public was not in support of the war, and openly criticized their government's actions."
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The Greatest Canadian, 2008.
An assertion that Stephen Lewis' humanitarian dedication and charisma makes him one of the Greatest Canadians.
2,546 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses three key criteria in determining who is the Greatest Canadian; humanitarian dedication, motivational skills and leadership qualities. The paper describes Stephen Lewis' fight against the humanitarian issues of poverty, starvation and HIV/AIDS in Africa. The paper asserts that Stephen Lewis' leadership, humanitarian aid and passion have exemplified what it means to be the Greatest Canadian.
From the Paper
"Since the confederation of Canada in 1867, there have been many important individuals that have played roles in shaping the identity of our nation. During the middle of the 20th century, this trend is clearly illustrated by the international achievements of Stephen Lewis, who has headed the attack on several major social crises. Lewis, a tenacious and tactical public speaker has taken the lead on international aid among Canadians, inspiring the world to do more to prevent catastrophes such as poverty and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. His leadership heading the Stephen Lewis Foundation, his humanitarian dedication in the United Nations, and his charismatic demeanor has sparked public awareness on global atrocities and has landed him as one of the Greatest Canadians."
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The GCHQ Case and Judicial Reviews, 2004.
An examination of the "Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for Civil Service" (or GCHQ) case and its relevance to judicial reviews.
2,873 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper questions whether the "Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for Civil Service" (or GCHQ) case still has a great deal to teach us about judicial review. It examines the existing grounds of judicial review with respect to the GCHQ case, namely, illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety. The paper shows that they are extremely developed and that they contribute to making the process of judicial review more accessible.
From the Paper
"By illegality, he meant that 'the decision-maker must understand correctly the law that regulates his decision-making power and must give effect to it.' The courts may intervene and rule an action or a decision illegal if it is "ultra vires" i.e. the public body or officer performing it had no power to take such action or they exceeded their power. Moreover, an exercise of power which runs counter to the policy and objectives of the empowering Act or defeats the purpose for which power was given is also deemed to be illegal. There are various principles which fall under this head: (a) Relevant/Irrelevant Considerations, (b) Fiduciary Duty, (c) Fettering of Discretion, (d) Improper Purpose, and (e) Bad Faith. In reality, this definition sheds little light on these principles under its head. We will briefly cover these principles below."
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H.V. Nelles' "A Little History of Canada", 2007.
A critical review of H.V. Nelles' novel, "A Little History of Canada".
3,090 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the work of H.V. Nelles, a Professor of History in Canada. The paper first analyzes several book reviews on Nelles "a Little History of Canada", to give a concrete idea of the influence and acceptance that it maintained amongst the academic community. Apart from this the writer also points out many of the contradictory elements that occur throughout the novel that work to effectively weaken the presentation as a whole. The writer of this essay contends that, while Nelles claims that Canada has always been an open country, many of the factual elements he reports suggest otherwise.
From the Paper
"While I appreciate where Infanger is coming from with regards to Nelles 'lunging' forward and backward in history as being problematic, I also feel that it is necessary when writing a book of this nature. For example, if Nelles were to follow events in exact chronological order, then the novel would come more across as a textbook. As Nelles allows himself to jump certain years and then return back to them he is simply fully elaborating on different topics, this is necessary to maintain the overall feeling of a flowing book with an exact direction."
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The Destructive Impact of HIV/AIDS, 2007.
A look at how the AIDS virus has impacted certain areas of the world and which areas are likely to suffer in the future.
2,266 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome known as (HIV/AIDS) which has become a global pandemic. The focus of this paper is to empirically examine the current crisis and determine how and where the disease will establish itself in future populations. It also examines the problems that manifest from the epidemic, causing economic problems and high rates of orphaned children. The author provides information from several studies that have been carried out in recent years as well as a table displaying the number of deaths from AIDS annually.
From the Paper
"The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a global pandemic with significant numbers spanning all regions of the world. Its short-term epidemiological and behavioral effects are of vital concern and threaten to disrupt population structures and devastate the economic climate of developing territories like Sub-Saharan Africa and South/South East Asia. The importance is now well known regarding the role of population structures and the current relationships between HIV/AIDS and the mortality risks which govern them. Long term projections regarding the direct and indirect population impacts of HIV/AIDS play a large role in national policy, straddling all sectors of society. The foremost problem posed by HIV/AIDS is that "there is virtually no similar retrovirus infection to humans which has been adequately studied to provide an analogy for predictions" (Chin, Lwanga, and Mann, 1988). This raises issues in determining patterns of behavior for those pre/post infection, or perhaps more importantly the unknown degree of variability regarding individual infectiousness, and other co-factors dealing with transmission or progression from HIV to AIDS. The focus of this paper is to empirically examine the current crisis of HIV/AIDS and determine how and where the disease will establish itself in future populations, especially those located in South and South East Asia."
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Nuclear Weapons and Moral Choices, 2008.
An exploration of the moral beliefs held by the scientists instrumental in developing the nuclear atomic bomb.
2,871 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that the physicists instrumental in the design and development of the nuclear atomic bomb held a level of pride in their accomplishment as well as regret for its potential for destruction, death and war. The paper describes the Manhattan Project and examines the personal moral standards of the scientists who developed it. The paper shows how regrets were certainly held by Bethe, Oppenheimer, Haber and other scientists and physicists sharing in the atomic energy and weaponry projects.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Manhattan Project
Moral Responsibility of the Physicist
Hans Bethe
Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Invisible: Atomic Bomb Efforts in the US, USSR and National Socialist Germany" relates that governments and physicists both came to realize "simultaneously...that their discoveries had military potential. If any nation could harness the energy of nuclear fission in an explosion, a super bomb would be possible." (Open Society Archives, 2007) The second World War erupted in Europe in 1939 and the publications concerning nuclear subject matter "disappeared from scientific journals and the race to the nuclear bomb was on." (Open Society Archives)"
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Canada's Ageing Population, 2008.
Discuses the implications and solutions for the problem of Canada's aging population.
3,515 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as in other countries, due to increased birthrates in the mid twentieth century, combined with relatively low birthrates in modern society, Canada is experiencing population aging. The author points out that this demographic shift creates a situation in which potential problems regarding economic stability are created and in which the workforce does not have enough manpower to support the aged population. The paper suggests that increasing immigration rates and implementing social programs may assist in helping balance this situation.
From the Paper
"This Health Canada report proceeds to stress the complexity of aging population issue, as it concerns not only the well-being of today's older Canadians but also broader areas and sectors that affect the entire population, including health, labour markets and public finances. They stress the fact that all levels of government are needed to work together in establishing a defensive front to safeguard the economy. Health Canada provides a detailed list of the challenges that Canadian society will face in recent years and how to properly adapt to work with these changes."
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"The Meat We Eat, Is Killing Us", 2008.
This paper examines modern meat production methods and the potential health hazard to humans.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper discusses modern methods of meat production and the possible harmful effects to human beings from the consumption of "factory farmed" meat products. The author suggests that meat producers, in an effort to shorten the time from birth to slaughter of a meat animal, resort to processes and food regimes that speed up the animal's development and ensure that it reaches a weight profitable for slaughter at a much faster rate. He goes on to suggest that this process, alongside other factors, results in meat being sold to the consumer that poses a health risk and has the potential of being lethal. He cites the case of "Mad Cow Disease" as an example of dangerous meat rearing practices and attempts to provide evidence to defend his statement.
From the Paper
"Consumers are faced with hazardous health problems when eating domesticated animals such as chicken, pork, cattle, and fish. I do not wish to be eating meat that is in some way, shape or form altered by humans. Humans are adding hormones to domesticated animals to increase their size, ultimately increasing the profits for the meat companies. Another way they increase profit is to gather all the livestock into one location and feed them a cheaper substitute from what they are naturally accustomed to eating. In doing so the meat industry has penned livestock together, but diseases are prone to surface when concentrations of a single species are in one area, so the meat industry must give the livestock antibiotics to prevent the spread of disease. All these drugs and hormones will leave residues in our food, posing health risks. I want to eat meat that comes from the wild and is untouched by human hands because humans would rather have an extra dollar in their pocket than to ensure the health of the overall human population. I understand there is no way of feeding 6 billion people with wild animals, but if the meat industry could change some of its practices, maybe our meat would not be so risky to eat."
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Imam al-Shafi'i, 2008.
Discuses the influence of Imam al-Shafi'i on Islamic jurisprudence.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the role of Imam al-Shafi'i, one of the earliest architects of Islamic jurisprudence, is visible in Islamic law even today. Not only did he interpret the Hadith but also, more significantly, he was able to gather, maintain and sustain a following of supporters for his interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence. The paper relate the importance of the Hadith, which is the biographical collection of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and the process of Islamic jurisprudence.
From the Paper
"It is important to the doctrine of Islam that the religion be inextricably woven into the fabric of Muslim life. Unlike Judaism and Christianity, there is no separation between civil and religious life, public or private life and religious life. In order for Islam to successfully achieve its goals in the life of Muslims, it must be woven into the fabric of every aspect of Muslim life, especially the legal and court system. Of course the issue of how to incorporate the faith based doctrine into law must have been a question asked by those who followed the Prophet Muhammad early on in the Islamic tradition."
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