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Quine on Analytic and Synthetic Truths, 2002.
Consideration and analysis of Quine's arguments in "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" about analytic and synthetic truths.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The following is an essay and analysis on W.V. Quine's central arguments in his work titled "Two Dogmas of Empiricism". In particular, this paper will focus on the argument that maintains that there can be no analytic truths with out some consideration of synthetic variables as well. In short, it is argued that synthetic factors have a determining impact in shaping what we have traditionally regarded as 'analytic'. Thus, a consideration and analysis of what Quine regards as 'analytic' and 'synthetic' becomes a central concern.
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The Quine-Duhem Thesis, 2001.
This paper is an in-depth study of the Quine-Duhem thesis which denies that the disconfirmation of a theory can be forced upon a practitioner by the evidence itself.
5,125 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Quine-Duhem thesis, exploring what it tells us about the nature of knowledge. The author gives the reader background on Quine and Duhem's own thinking in order to lay the foundation for their joint work. The author looks at different theories presented in physics by Newton and then discusses Popper's theory on falsification. The author then looks at issues concerning ontology and the related issues of logic. At each of these stages the author uses examples from the Quine-Duhem thesis to show differences and in some cases to refute the theory being discussed. According to the author, the Quine-Duhem thesis tells us that what we know about the philosophy of science, is dependent on what we are willing to acknowledge that we do not know, and the great question for science thus shifts from one that is entirely ontological to one that is at the heart of our humanity.
From the Paper
"Whether the false prediction resulted from the falsity of the tested hypothesis or the falsity of some other one or more of the auxiliary assumptions is not known. However, according to the Quine-Duhem thesis, it is in fact possible by suitable modification or buttressing of the proper auxiliary hypotheses to save any theory from potential refutation. Furthermore, it is often claimed that historical research shows that scientists do frequently do precisely this. (This need not be, it is probably obvious but may be worth pointing out, the kind of behavior that we consider to be fraud or scientific dishonesty, but rather may lie well within the margin of error of interpretation and observation. Hence it would seem that, to deny to Popper everything that he has ever seemingly believed in, theories cannot be definitively refuted any more than they can be confirmed (Carnap, 1956, p. 71)."
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Quine?s Ontology, 2002.
According to W. V. O. Quine, whatever ontology best serves the epistemological role in science merits adoption. This paper looks at the nine essays which appear in his "From a Logical Point of View".
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper specifically looks at two essays by Quine: ?On What There Is? and ?Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis.? In each of these essays, Quine eloquently, clearly and often humorously lays out the means by which he arrives at his ontological conclusion. The paper examines these essays, comparing their modes of emparting Quine's theories.
From the Paper
"If we imagine trying to teach someone, say a stranger to our language, to what thing the name ?river? refers, we can point to various ?river stages? of the same river, stages which, by virtue of their being spatially spread, adhere to temporal spread as well. ?River? it turns out refers not just to an object but to a process, a conglomeration of an infinite number of river stages spread over time and space. To identify to our new friend only ?this river?, we must assume his prior knowledge of ?river?. But, to give him the notion of ?river? in general, we need only point to numerous river stages of several rivers. Finally, to help our friend?s understanding of ?Ca?ster?, we merely replace ?river? with ?Ca?ster? in our oral repetitions. By means of induction, a stranger can acquire some modicum of awareness of the words we use to identify spatio-temporal concrete objects."
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Quine?s ?Naturalized Epistemology?, 2002.
This paper discusses that, according to W. V. O. Quine, no matter the purpose of science, prediction is the final arbiter of scientific theory.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that while we talk of observation as the evidential basis of science, Quine thinks that the notion of observation is too unclear to be helpful. The paper continues that evidential support of science therefore, comes down to a relation of stimulation to scientific theory. The author refutes that observation is relative to linguistic, professional or cultural communities, rather than to the whole speech community.
From the Paper
"An observation sentence may be holophrastic, or consist of a single noun or adjective thought of as a sentence, such as ?Sunny?, ?Cloudless?, or ?Rabbit? in place of the previously mentioned sentences. We may use conjunction to form further observation sentences from more primitive ones, or we may compound them by predication. From ?Flower? and ?Pink?, we can form ?This flower is pink?. Equivalently, in terms of stimulus meaning, we could say ?Pink flower? but we get a stronger connection than that through predication. The conjunction gets confirmation when stimulation by something in the scene confirms each of its component observation sentences. Predication however focuses the two observations, requiring them to coincide or overlap. For ?This flower is pink?, pink must encompass the flower; but it could extend beyond, the relation not being symmetric."
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Red Bull and V, 2008.
A comparison of the Red Bull and V beverage companies' performance.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the two companies vying for domination of the energy drinks market, Red Bull and V, and compares their performance. The paper describes and contrasts how each company has built their brand equity and then shows how Red Bull has global market dominance and massive brand equity while V needs to improve its global performance. The paper concludes that embedding itself in popular culture will be critical to V's success in improving its brand performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Red Bull
V
Red Bull vs. V
Strategy for V to Improve Brand Performance
From the Paper
"Dietrich Mateschitz originally came up with the idea for his energy beverage in 1984, after traveling to Asia and discovering the popularity of energy drinks in some areas (A new market, 2007). Mateschitz brought several samples back to Austria and after three long years developed his own version involving both medical research and scientific testing (Brunnen, 2007).
"It was "this period (that) saw the birth of the product positioning 'Red Bull vitalizes body and mind' and the unique slogan 'Red Bull gives you wiings!'" (A new market, 2007). First launched in Austria, in 1992, it was then quickly rolled out throughout most of Europe. This was then followed by North and South America, Africa and then Australia. By 2002, more than one billion cans were being sold annually (Brunnen, 2007)"
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The "Hit Man" v. Brandenburg, 2000.
A discussion regarding freedom of speech, focusing on the cases of Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) and Rice v. Paladin (1997).
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) case has been an active and major precedent that sets the standard for cases that relate to, or fall under the protection of freedom of speech guaranteed by the First Amendment. This paper examines such cases and focuses on one case that did not fall under its protection: Rice v. Paladin Enterprises (1997), also known as "The Hit Man" case. This paper concentrates on what distinguished both these cases from each other in order to make one fall under the protection of freedom of speech of the First Amendment and the other not.
From the Paper
"On October 26th 1984 a 19 year- old boy named John Mc Collum shot himself and died while he was listening to the recorded song of the rock singer Ozzy Osbourne. He was found dead with the headphones still on and had been listening to the lyrics of the song called "Suicide Solution" which followed:
"Ah know people
You really know where it's at
You got it
Why try, why try
Get the gun and try it
Shoot, shoot, shoot" (as cited in Mc Collum v. CBS Inc., 1988)
The family of the boy sued CBS Records and Ozzy Osbourne holding them responsible for the suicide; the Superior Court of Los Angeles County dismissed the case. The Court of Appeal affirmed."
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V Chip Technology, 2004.
An analysis of the V chip, a method of reducing the exposure of children and teens to violence on television.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines one of the most controversial steps in curtailing violence on television, the V chip. It discusses whether or not V chip technology provides a good way of reducing the exposure of children and teens to violence on television. The first part of the paper describes how V chip technology works, which is by blocking out graphic violence and language on television. The paper then explores the opposition to V Chip legislation and technology, both from a liberal and a conservative standpoint. In the conclusion, the paper addresses the various concerns that opponents have raised against V chip legislation. It states that, although the V chip is not a cure-all, it provides an effective step in reducing the exposure of children and minors to violence on television.
From the Paper
"In 1996, then President Bill Clinton signed into law a requirement that all new television sets should be equipped with the V chip. This silicone wafer would allow viewers to block programs deemed explicit or offensive simply by punching a key into their remote control pads (Rolfe). This would allow parents to regulate programs based on content, particularly violence, sex and profanity. In its evaluation of almost 10,000 hours of broadcast programming from 1995 to 1997, the National Television Violence Study found that 61 percent of television programs portrayed acts of violence. Most of this violence was glamorized, committed by characters that are otherwise presented as positive role models. While many of the violent acts that would cause serious harm or death in real life, the programs neutralize these lethal effects through the lack of painful effects or through humor (Center for Communication and Social Policy 8)."
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William Shakespeare's "Henry V", 2006.
A look at how the attributes of Henry V are brought out in various parts of Shakespeare's play "Henry V".
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how King Henry V, the central protagonist in William Shakespeare's play of the same name, evolves as a king over the course of the play, both in his own estimation as well as in the estimation of the other characters on stage.
From the Paper
"Henry solidifies his regality and kinship with war: "Now all the youth of England are on fire, /And silken dalliance in the wardrobe lies:/Now thrive the armourers, and honour's thought/Reigns solely in the breast of every man," says the Chorus, when Henry takes England to war against France for the disputed territories Henry believes are his country's by right, custom, and law. Henry takes the slight upon his persona in the 'gift' of the tennis balls along with his land's claim upon France as a justification to seek glory through armament for all the people of England. Henry's actions indicate that he is not pacific or idle in temperament, but still possesses some of his old, immature and adolescent character--not in his love of games, but in his view of war as a diplomatic game and a scene for proving his reputation to be won or lost, much as at a game of tennis. (II. Prologue. http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/henryv/henryv.2.0.html) But when at war, this changes within and without of Henry's character, showing that he always has a capacity to adapt and evolve as a leader."
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Henry V, 2002.
This paper compares the real Henry V with Shakespeare's idolized version of Henry V, the hero king.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the great liberties that Shakespeare took in presenting his hero character. The paper states that the real Henry was neither handsome nor heroic. The paper compares Shakespeare's words about the love of his Henry and Katherine with the real king's marriage to Catherine, which was not one of romance but of convenience.
From the Paper
"The quarrels that Henry had with his father were not about his youthful zeal, but his excessive desire for power and funding for his misadventures. That he disliked his father for good reason probably cannot be denied as just as surely as the fruit speaks of the tree from which it came, so too does the health of the fruit indicate something of the tree."
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Author V.C Andrews, 2005.
This paper discusses writing styles especially of author V.C Andrews.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are many different styles of writings which are developed from the author's appropriate word choice, varied rhythm, effective placement and choice of modifiers, appropriate transitions, effective and creative use of punctuation, variation of sentence length and a logical hierarchical placement of detail. The author examines the style of V.C Andrews by using a paragraph from her books "Flower's in the Attic", "Heaven" and "My Sweet Audrina". The paper relates that, while Andrews was alive, she only finished six books but her family hired a ghost writer by the name of Andrew Neiderman. However, the author feels that there is a difference between her writing style and that of her ghost.
Table of Contents
Definition of Style
V.C Andrews' "Flower's in the Attic"
V.C Andrews' "Heaven"
V.C Andrews' "My Sweet Audrina"
Ghost Writer Andrew Neiderman
From the Paper
"Yes, I do believe his work is very good. He can still see feel the anguish of what they are going through. But I don't think his writings are as dramatic as Andrews. He doesn't use the every day language and modifiers as she does. I think in a way they do portray the same things. For example, all of the main characters want to be happy, instead it takes a long time for that to happen. And in the process, several of the other character's are destroyed, with no intent on the main character. Something always happens to the one who is terrifying the main character."
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Sternberg v. Carhart, 2007.
Discussion of the Sternberg v. Carhart case, which involved reproductive rights issues.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses several of the court cases that were impacted by Roe v. Wade, with an emphasis on Sternberg v. Carhart. The initial law established by Roe v. Wade is evaluated and subsequent cases and their effect on women's reproductive rights is further examined. These issues include first and second trimester abortions and partial-birth abortions. The paper analyzes the opinions of the Supreme Court justices who heard Sternberg v. Carhart, and the court's ultimate decision.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), established that a woman's right to privacy extended to reproductive health and guaranteed that women had a right to abortion. This right to an abortion was not an unlimited right, but was the result of weighing the rights of the mother against the rights of the unborn child. Therefore, the Roe court determined that a woman had a virtually unlimited right to an abortion in the first and second trimesters, prior to fetal viability, but that a state could place restrictions on a woman's right to an abortion after a fetus was viable, in the third trimester. Id., 163-165. However, the Roe court acknowledged that medical advances might change the scope of the decision, especially in regards to Roe's trimester divisions. Id."
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George H. W. Bush, the CIA and Presidency, 2008.
A look at George H. W. Bush's history in U.S. intelligence and its impact on his Presidency.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how George H. W. Bush's position as director of the CIA greatly impacted his subsequent foreign policy decisions as President of the United States. The paper shows how this experience in the intelligence community enabled him to lead the United States to an impressive victory in Desert Storm and preside over the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
George H. W. Bush as CIA Director
George H. W. Bush as President
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unlike many other presidents who failed to adequately understand and appreciate the vital importance of the intelligence community, George H. W. Bush had the highest regard for its fundamental contributions, prioritized intelligence gathering and analysis, and made his foreign policy decisions in strict accordance with intelligence community data and analysis. His firsthand experience with intelligence issues as Director of the CIA enabled him to serve with great distinction and effectiveness as President of the United States, and empowered him to overcome the challenges imposed by Iraqi aggression in the Middle East and the chaotic collapse of the Soviet Union."
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Charles V and Murad III, 2007.
A comparison of the reigns of Charles V and Murad III.
3,078 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the reigns of Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire to that of Murad III, ruler of the Ottoman empire. The author states that the men were vastly different from one another. But despite their differences, there are many similarities in the reigns of Charles V and Murad III, as both men were mediocre leaders who achieved limited success in their roles. While both men certainly faced difficult circumstances during their rules, the paper describes them as also helping to orchestrate their own failings through personal weaknesses and poor decisions. The author concludes that Charles V and Murad III had similar results: both men left their empires weaker then they found them, and both men helped initiate or expand the process by which their empires decayed.
Outline:
Military Miscues
Unwise Policy Decisions
Underappreciated Threats
Worse than They Found It
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Murad III, quite similarly, was challenged by internal and external forces, which largely went unchecked as he withdrew from affairs of state. Internally, he faced dissatisfaction publicly and within his inner circle as his harem exerted significant influence over political decisions. Further, his unwise monetary policy led to a revolt among his soldiers. Externally, the growth of the Ottoman Empire dove into stagnation during his rule, and the once-invincible military showed weakness during its conflicts with Persia and Austria."
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Impact on USA, 2008.
An explanation of the "Brown v. Board of Education" case and its impact on American education.
1,963 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that compelled school administrators and school districts to throw open their doors to African-American students after generations in which segregation had been the accepted norm in US education. This paper argues that "Brown v. Board of Education" was historic because it overturned the Supreme Court decisions of the past that had guided and legitimated segregationist education in America for decades.
From the Paper
"The case was significant, first and foremost, because it over-turned Supreme Court precedent. To be more precise, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 had upheld the public policy of the state of Louisiana to segregate African-Americans. Particularly, the Court said that Louisiana was fully justified in having separate facilities for African-Americans and for whites as long as though facilities were "equal". In the Court's considered opinion, the Fourteenth Amendment - a constitutional amendment demanding equal protection under the law for all citizens and one that also impels states to treat equally all citizens under their respective jurisdictions - was not violated by the Louisiana policy of dividing black from white. As the High Court chose to interpret the matter, to the extent African-Americans and their sympathizers saw segregation as a sinister plot to suggest the racial inferiority of African-Americans, such a suggestion or intimation only existed because African-Americans chose to put that construction upon the situation. Of course, as it turned out, the High Court was rather profoundly mistaken."
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?Henry V?, 2002.
A discussion of how William Shakespeare portrays his character of Henry V as the ideal king.
7,039 words (approx. 28.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how in the play "Henry V", Shakespeare presents a portrayal of an ideal king and discusses the qualities that he possesses. It examines how Shakespeare uses the story as a tool to depict the qualities that an ideal king would possess and how he does this by showing Henry different situations to see Henry reacts to them. It also analyzes how Shakespeare also contrasts the difference between a good king and a good man since at time Henry is forced to do things for the good of the country that would in normal situations be considered wrong, unjust and immoral.
Outline
Introduction
Transition ? Prince Hal to King Henry
Learned
Just
Merciful
Charismatic and Inspiring
Focused and Dedicated
Heroic and Brave
Problems
The Man Behind the Crown
Conclusion
?Henry V? is not the only Shakespeare play that focuses on Kings and their qualities. Shakespeare, in his historical plays, has examined many different types of leaders, from Richard II, whom he shows to be a weak, indecisive king, struggling to keep control, to Richard III, portrayed as a homicidal tyrant who never let anything or anyone get in his way.
From the Paper
"In ?Henry IV part II? we see the prince Hal as unruly, wild, out of control, and with friends that would certainly not be considered good enough for a future king. However, at the beginning of Henry V King Henry is respectable, learned and completely different to his former self, they could almost be considered two different people entirely. The transition between these two different personalities is never fully explained, but it seems that the catalyst was his father death, and thus his inheritance of the throne and the responsibility of being King. Henry is forced to become a good king because the country needs a good king, and Henry is loyal to his country."
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