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Pilot Fatigue: Universal Safety Concern, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of pilot fatigue and the dangers it represents.
4,650 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses various aspects of pilot fatigue, the causes of such fatigue and the associated dangers. The paper also discusses aviation accidents where pilot fatigue was proved to have been the cause. The paper further discusses ways in which pilot fatigue can be avoided.
Outline:
Introduction
Accidents Associated With Fatigue
Causes and Results of Pilot Fatigue
Past, Present and Future Responses to Pilot Fatigue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are of coarse more recent examples that 1999 and as the attention of the aviation industry, the flying public and of coarse the media have become more attuned to these sorts of situations the accounts are more likely to list pilot fatigue as a major cause of an accident but ultimately the responsibility is often laid upon the individual flight crews as to their obvious inability to self advocate in situations where their physical and mental state is impaired by fatigue. The commercial industry often does not associate their own responsibility, regarding the over scheduling of pilots or the random and physically and mentally disruptive nature of changing time zones, sleep deprivation or limited downtime in a increasingly competitive and demanding environment where cost cutting is necessary and individuals are often lost in the shuffle of the schedule with longer lists of flights and generally lower cost flights that provide a lower return on the investment."
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Aviation Fatigue, 2005.
This paper is an extensive literature review of research tests and experiments relating to the relationship of physical and psychological fatigue and aviation accidents.
4,525 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fatigue is a factor that is being increasingly seen as a threat and a problem in the aviation industry and the Air Force. It has been estimated that problems caused by fatigue costs American industry more than $18 billion a year in terms of lost productivity. The author points out that fatigue is characterized by (1) a decreased capacity for work, known as work decrement; (2) modifications in the physiological state of the individual; and (3) a feeling of weariness, which may be accompanied by irritability, anxiety, excessive worry and a disturbed emotional state. The paper relates that reports indicate that fatigue, as a result of sleep deprivation, is not always a critical factor and that there are various factors that are interrelated and can effect the assessments of fatigue of aviation issues. Many quotations. Graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers also point out that the varying results obtained from studies are related to and dependent on the type of experiments and the situations in which the testing takes place. They note that the best data and sources of information on the true effects of fatigue are often taken from actual combat situations and conditions; while many state that the results from simulations and laboratory experiments do not produce an accurate picture of the reality of fatigue and fatigue-induced errors in aviation."
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 2002.
This paper is a research proposal that will provide enhanced insights into the mechanism of the functioning of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal to assess the effects on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients of increases in the serum levels of C-1 esterace inhibitor within the context of the concept of complement dis-regulation. This paper states that Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a clinically defined condition that is characterized by severe and disabling fatigue, but there is no validated diagnosis or treatment that will lead to a cure for CFS. The author will use Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS) and The Fatigue Inventory as the psychological measurements.
From the Paper
"Clinical anxiety is defined within the context of feelings experienced by a person. At one level, anxiety is defined as a feeling of mingled dread and apprehension about a person?s future where no specific cause for such dread and apprehension is present. At another level, anxiety is defined as a chronic feeling of fear by a person. This feeling may be mild in intensity or the feeling fear may be overwhelming for the person so affected. Anxiety also may be a secondary drive involving an acquired avoidance response. In this latter context, when in the presence of the conditioning stimulus, a person will display behavior that may be interpreted as evidence of the presence of anxiety. "
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Pilot Fatigue, 2007.
This paper examines the problem of pilot fatigue and its potential consequences.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that when pilots become tired, they are more likely to make mistakes or even to fall asleep - both of which are unacceptable for anyone seeking to pilot an aircraft safely. This study examines how pilots are affected by fatigue in aviation and how this can lead to accidents. The research shows that pilot fatigue can be caused by some other, less readily identifiable, sources as well. To this end, the paper presents a review of the peer-reviewed, scholarly and popular literature concerning pilot fatigue followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. The writer concludes that until the day comes when aircraft are completely autonomous and do not require human control, the issue of pilot fatigue will remain relevant and important to the flying public, pilots and policymakers alike. The paper
includes a figure and research log.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When many people think of becoming fatigued, the cause usually relates to simply becoming physically tired for whatever reason, but the research quickly shows that pilots are subjected to a wide range of conditions that are unique to the profession. For example, according to Garland and his colleagues, pilot experiences during World War II suggest that noise and even vibrations can contribute to pilot fatigue. Likewise, Ward points out that pilots during World War II could become fatigued because of the very nature of their jobs and the types of aircraft involved .. "
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), 2002.
A research proposal to investigate potential links between C-1 esterase inhibitor deficiency and Chronic Fatigue syndrome (CFS).
3,899 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to determine whether a mechanism exists that links C-1 esterase inhibitor deficiency with Chronic Fatigue syndrome (CFS). FS is a clinically defined condition which is characterized by severe and disabling fatigue. It examines the problems faced by health care professionals in treating CFS patients since the etiology of the illness is not known. It attempts to determine whether CFS patients are characterized by a C-1 esterase inhibitor deficiency and whether replacement therapy for C-1 esterase inhibitor deficiency leads to improvements in patients? CFS status. It also looks at the significance of the study to nursing since advanced practice nurses play an important role in the delivery of care to CFS patients.
Outline
Introductory Statement
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study to Nursing
Background Information
Review of Literature
C-1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency: Related Research
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Conclusions Relevant to the Study Problem
From the Paper
"The role of the advanced practice nurse practitioner continues to expand. In the contemporary period, some of the more prominent of the roles performed by the advanced practice nurse practitioner are as follows: the role of the nurse practitioner as a care provider; the role of the nurse practitioner as a manager; the role of the nurse practitioner as a patient health educator; the role of the nurse practitioner as a consultant; the role of the nurse practitioner as a researcher; and the role of the nurse practitioner in relation to psychiatric and metal health nursing."
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Factors that Influence the Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, 2008.
An overview of mechanical failure due to fatigue crack.
929 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to explore the crack growth fracture mechanics with a focus on the factors that influence the fatigue crack growth rate and how the Paris-Erdogan equation can be used to predict fatigue crack growth as well as in the calculation of crack growth rate. The paper also presents research on modes of mechanical failure.
Outline:
Introduction
Crack Growth Fracture Mechanics
Mechanical Failure Mode
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Hancock, G. J. (2003, p.125), fracture mechanics is used to predict the effect of cracks on the durability and integrity of structures and components. It helps in detecting cracks in structure before a crack grows to significant length as a result of sustained stress cycles. During fatigue, crack growth rate can be calculated by the Paris-Erdogan equation given by da/dn = C (Δk)n where a represents the crack length, n represents the number of fatigue cycles, Δk represents the applied stress intensity factor range while c and m are considered to be constants of a material. Δk increases with time as a load is applied due to the growth of the crack. For a crack of length a, the rate of crack growth given by da/dn per cycle varies with Δk. Where c and m are constant with m between 2 and 4. The upper limit of a crack growth rate curve represents the fracture toughness of the material while the lower limit is the threshold. There is characterization of sub-critical crack growth using linear plastic fracture mechanics parameters and acoustic emission data to predict crack propagation rates. This determines the number of cycles required for an existing crack to attain a substantial size. (Reuter, W. G, Robert, S. P. 2002, p.458)Acoustic emissions are elastic stress waves generated by a rapid release of energy from a localized source within a stressed material. Fatigue crack growth rate is influenced by many factors some of which include: notch radius where research indicates presence of higher fatigue crack growth rate in a blunt notch. This is because of accumulation of fatigue damage at the tip of the notch initiating the crack a head of the notch. Material strength, initial crack tip condition, mean stress, overload as well as non-proportional load determine the crack growth rate. Research has also shown that ferroelectric ceramics experience cracking and mechanical degradation when subjected to large alternating electric fields. (Anderson, T.L., 2005, p.455)"
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A Case Study: Fatigue, 2008.
This paper examines a case study of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM).
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at a personal and informal account of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and of fibromyalgia (FM). The paper discusses how CFS and FM are similar conditions since both involve pain and fatigue and also result in misunderstanding from outsiders. The paper shows how the individual's account of her and her husband's illness agrees with the literature.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion of CFS
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Based on Zona's account, CFS means total exhaustion and complete lack of energy. She can accomplish just a little at a time and must be careful of her limits. She experiences many aches and pains as well as spasms which cause insomnia. She has numerous allergies especially to medications. Food also is a problem for allergies. She feels as though her brain is fogged and she is difficulties concentrating. She also has problems with vision and refocusing. Dry throat and acid burn are other problems. She does not experience the same set of symptoms each day. Sometimes her symptoms are similar to a panic attack."
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Fatigue and Depression Among First-Time Mothers, 2004.
Looks at the relationship of fatigue and depression among first-time mothers of advanced maternal age.
4,760 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This study looks at many of the issues women of advanced maternal age face, but focuses primarily on fatigue and depression, as these seem to be two of the main complaints that are expressed by this group of women. Why these complaints are so prevalent is discussed, as well as the purpose behind this study and the theoretical framework that it deals with.
From the Paper
"The concern over women of advanced maternal age (over 35) giving birth has had a long history. There are many that think it is dangerous, and not just for the physical health of the mother, but for her mental and emotional health as well. Much of this has to do with the fact that there are many risks that come with having a baby, and the older the mother is when she has her first child the harder it often is for her. This is especially true of women who are over the age of 35, but some women have babies when they are in the late thirties or their forties with no apparent ill effects. Nevertheless, the concerns are very real and should not be ignored by women over 35 who are considering having their first child."
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 2002.
An explanation of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a complete overview of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and all the associated etiology.
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 2007.
Discussion of symptoms and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.
2,013 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) its diagnosis, and the ways in which healthcare providers are learning to better manage its symptoms. The paper gives a brief history of the disease, citing when it was first noted as a condition. Today's definition of CFS is also given. The author then suggests various causes of the condition, although there are no definitive answers. The various treatment options are presented, although this is also controversial. The paper includes a review of several recent studies on CFS. The author concludes that CFS will continue to present challenges to both healthcare providers and sufferers since the disease is one example of the large range of medically unexplained syndromes today.
From the Paper
"Today, CDC defines the illness as: "a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and that may be worsened by physical or mental activity." Individuals having CFS most often function at a substantially lower level of activity than capable of prior to the illness. In addition to these key defining characteristics, patients also report a number of nonspecific symptoms, such as weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, insomnia, and post-exertional fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. Mental health professionals also recognize that CFS often relates to depression. In some cases, CFS can persist for years (CDC, 2006). "
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Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 2007.
An examination of the most effective management principles of chronic fatigue syndrome.
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the disorder of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). It particularly emphasizes disease management. The paper reviews the disorder, symptoms and prognosis. It then provides a more detailed examination of the problematic aspects in managing day-to-day activities, such as work, family and social obligations, due to the illness. The paper looks at how patient lifestyle modifications and adaptive measures can influence the outcome of CFS.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Managing the Disorder
From the Paper
"CFS is a complex and demanding disorder that significantly alters one's lifestyle and affects more than just the patient. Comprehensive understanding of the disorder and how each patient is affected are essential in order to help the patient manage their disorder effectively and avoid further depressive, frustration and anger based emotional complications that normally plague an individual with a chronic disorder. For the patient with CFS, such a reaction creates a negative cyclical spiral. A positive approach and helping the patient to accept their situation, focusing on what they can do rather than on their limitations will promote a sense of well-being rather than disability."
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Fatigue and Cognitive Performance, 2002.
Examines the effect of fatigue on cognitive performance.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper researches and describes the effects of fatigue on cognitive performance, including the effects noted on persons in the aviation arena
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End-of-Life Fatigue, 2004.
A discussion on end-of-life fatigue and its implications for health care providers.
963 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the end-of-life phase is the most important and testing time for all the people involved, from the patient to the relatives and the care providers, and how understanding the needs and the mental state of the patient is of utmost importance in delivering palliative care. It looks at how good, palliative care is all about reducing the distress of the patient as much as possible and helping them attain a peaceful end. It also examines how, in order to make the end of life a smooth and relatively trouble-free experience for the patient, it is necessary that nurses, relatives, and all other volunteers are properly educated and prepared for the eventuality.
From the Paper
"In palliative care the role of the nurse is most significant as we are more concerned with treatment of symptoms rather than perception or diagnosis. Fatigue and depression in end stage is not homogenous in nature making it difficult to understand the underlying psychopathology. Furthermore most people fall into ?dysphoria? (demoralizing syndrome) in which case clinical evaluation is inappropriate, as the condition might have resulted from problems of an entirely different nature. This is more complicated by the prevalence of other mental disorders like dementia and drug induced mood swings. Nurses need to be well trained in pattern recognition and logical assessment of the condition and take suitable action to solve these problems."
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ( CFS), 2002.
A look at the need for a study re: biochemical mechanisms involved in CFS.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 41 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Cites need for study re: biochemical mechanisms involved in CFS. Contends research is lacking in identifying the mechanisms that cause CFS. Extensive literature review covers severe & disabling fatigue & impact on daily functioning. Discusses symptoms of condition including sleep disturbances, pain, short-term memory loss, depression. Possible causes & characterizations of CFS. Conceptual framework. Research questions. Hypotheses. Research procedures & data analysis testing.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinically defined condition which is characterized by severe and disabling fatigue. This fatigue is accompanied by a combination of symptoms that typically include self-reported impairments in concentration and short-term memory, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain (Evengard, Schacterle & Komaroff, 1999; Wilson, Hickie, Lloyd & Wakefield, 1996).
CFS prevalence rates in the United States are estimated at a minimum of 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 adults 18 years of age or older (Fukuda & Gantz, 1995). In one U.S. study (Evengard et al., 1999), the prevalence among medical patients was found to be about 1%. A several-fold higher prevalence rate of self-reported..."
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The Research Process, 2008.
Describes a research paper that investigates the shift work and fatigue of air traffic controllers and their negative impact on safety.
5,630 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper paper presents a study to explore the shift work and fatigue in air traffic controllers and their negative impact on safety. The paper relates that the research also focuses on the relationship between shift work, fatigue and time management in the present moment based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaire conducted over a short period of time with makes this research a cross-sectional study. In addition, the paper explains that the purpose of the research is to further the process of increasing transportation safety. The paper relates that it trusts that this research will contribute to increase the knowledge of current practice and provide a basis for future discussions and development of practice.
Outline:
Methodology
Research Philosophy
Research Approach
Research Strategy
Time Horizons and Research Type
Data Collection Methods
Sample Description
Data Quality Issues
Analysing the Data
Conclusion
Methodology
From the Paper
"Thereafter, data will be placed into theoretical structures and analysed with regards to how well they correspond. In some stages of the data analysis process, the researcher may encounter concepts/theories which had not been described in the existing theories and models of shift work, fatigue and time management in the literature review. These theories/concepts will be thereafter explained in depth and proposals will be made on how they can be associated with the current theories. As Saunders et al. (2003, p.385) mention "the data collection, data analysis and the development and verification of relationships and conclusions are very much an interrelated and interactive set of processes," which permits the studier to distinguish fundamental themes, relationships and interactions during data collection process. In addition, in this research, the data analysis will be carried out not only after all the data collection is complete, but also all through the survey process. "
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