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Female Composers, 2002.
This paper examines the work of two of the most important female composers of the 19th century, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Clara Wieck Schumann.
2,458 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
A description of the female composers who contributed to the success of the Romantic period of music (1825-1900). The paper explains that even though most of the composers of the time were male, Hensel and Schumann were talented and successful and made it to the top in their own right. It examines their different styles and how their music reflected the society and culture of the times.
From the Paper
"Like other composers during this period, Hensel and Schumann were engaged with many of the important motifs of the Romantic period, including an attention to both nationalistic and what might be called ?exotic? themes in music. Both this rise in nationalism and this interest in non-Western music reflected larger political and cultural events in the world. Among the most important of these was a series of revolutions that occurred in the middle of the 19th century that served as attempts for nations like Italy to free themselves from foreign rule. Germany was undergoing a different form of nationalist struggle during the middle decades of the 19th century as its leaders strove to build (for the first time) a politically unified nation."
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Classical Composers, 2006.
An examination of the affect of their environment on the works of eight classical composers.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
Through an analysis of the music of eight Western classical composers, this paper attempts to understand how their various environments influenced their musical output. The eight composers that this paper studies are: Johann Sebastian Bach, Joseph Haydn, Richard Wagner, Peter Iljitch Tchaikovsky, Claude Debussy, Igor Stravinsky, Bela Bartok and George Crumb. The paper chooses to focus on specific compositions to demonstrate how each artist was affected by the events of his life -- from personal situations such as a family crisis, marriage or the loss of a loved one to broader social/cultural developments in his country or the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Johann Sebastian Bach
Joseph Haydn
Richard Wagner
Peter Iljitch Tchaikovsky
Claude Debussy
Igor Stravinsky
Bela Bartok
George Crumb
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Bach's Christ lag in Todesbanden (Church Cantata No. 4), written for Easter Sunday, the hymn melody and its verses are used exclusively throughout the piece. The opening measure, in the style of Buxtehude, Bach's mentor, is followed by seven verses, each having its own musical signature. In this opening measure, one can hear that the music is touched by the sorrows of death, but in the third verse, there is an outpouring of joy. This cantata was written in 1724 during a period in Bach's life that was full of musical expression. However, in 1720, his first wife, Maria Barbara died, and in 1721, Bach married Anna Magdalena Wuelken who bore him thirteen children. Thus, through the music of Cantata No. 4, Bach's sadness over the death of his first wife can be sensed; however, due to his strict religious upbringing, his joy can be sensed in the third verse which reflects his knowledge that his late wife is now with God in Heaven."
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The Mighty Five - Influential Russian Composers, 2001.
A look at the formation of 'The Mighty Five', Russian composers and their contributions to the world of music.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
A look at the formation of the 'Mighty Five', five Russian composers, Korsakov, Balakirev, Borodin, Mussorgsky and Glinka who changed Russian music and stance impacting recognition from the Western world. A look at their contributions and impact on the world of music.
From the Paper
"The culmination of five ingenious, dedicated composers and one highly skilled evangelist led to the recognition of Russian music. This would be the recognition of a distinct, nationalist approach to music. Involving traditional melodies, and folk songs, and composed in a uniquely Russian manner. They would forever change Russian classical music, and made a large impact upon the rest of the Western world. It is important to recognize two key individuals; one Rimsky-Korsakov for his incredibly sophisticated works, and two the work of Stasov as propagandist. Finally the Mighty Five as a whole should be recognized for their achievements, contributions, and enduring impact on music.'
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The Great Composers, 2006.
A paper explaining how the music of every composer is shaped by the world in which he lived.
1,447 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the works of the world's greatest composers and looks at how their music was influenced and shaped by the environment in which they lived. The paper explains how classical music of the west breaks down into a handful of major periods and that each great change in musical tastes can be traced back to corresponding developments in society and civilization. Bach and Handel, Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven are just a few of the composers discussed in this paper.
From the Paper
"Romanticism differed from the earlier periods because of its appeal to raw emotion. This is not to say that the works of Bach and Hayden are devoid of human feeling. Rather, it is a different kind of emotional response that is being elicited. In a sense the compositions of the Romantic Era ask the listener to suspend reason, and to listen only with the heart. The Nineteenth Century was a time of great change in Europe. The early years of the century had seen the Old Order torn to bits, and a new, and much more completely secular order take its place. Governments now commanded loyalty not on the basis of their leaders' closeness to God, but on the extent to which these leaders tended to embody, or represent, the "national spirit." Wagner's Ring could never be fully understood outside the context of a rampant German nationalism. The newly unified German Empire wanted to demonstrate that it had arisen out of a proud and ancient past. The fact that the Ring is based on old Teutonic Legends is indicative of the extent to which Wagner himself had become enmeshed in the supposedly primal lore of his people - it is Wotan and not Jupiter who occupies center stage. The prominence given to non-Classical legend represents a major break with the Europe of the previous four centuries."
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20th Century Composers, 2005.
A review of the musical styles and influences of Claude Debussy, Duke Ellington and John Cage.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the musical styles and influences of three of the greatest 20th Century composers: Claude Debussy, Duke Ellington and John Cage. The paper examines the innovations of each composer and cites examples of their work.
From the Paper
"The works of Claude Debussy represent a transition from the late Romantic era in music to music of the 20th century. His unique musical language veered away from the style of Wagner with its heavy emotion. Instead Debussy wrote..."
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Women Classical Composers, 1993.
A sociological study of Hildegard of Bingen, Clara Schumann and Madia Boulanger and their works in a male-dominated field.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" Women Classical Composers: A Sociological Perspective
Women composers throughout the centuries have written prolifically, but they have not been recognized as readily as their male counterparts. Ideally, there would be no need to separate the accomplishments of women from those of men. Judgments of merit should be based only on artistic ability. History shows that women have been composing since the third century, but inequities exist in society's recognition of their talent and creativity (LePage vii).
Women have been music makers for as long as men have, but their work, especially in composition, has gone unnoticed, unpublished, unperformed, and often forgotten. This unfortunate situation is due to the manner in which gender is construed, a process which has profoundly impacted women composers in Europe ..."
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Gustav Mahler, 2006.
This paper examines the life of the famous and controversial composer Gustav Mahler.
1,452 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper details the life and work of Gustav Mahler, one of the most famous composers and conductors of all time. The writer of this paper probes into the tragic events of Mahler's early life which influenced his music despite the undertones of joy and hope in some of his pieces. This paper also details Mahler's style of music which is considered dramatic with enormous contrasts in sounds and moods.
From the Paper
"The orchestra's archivist and historian, Dr. Clemens Hellsburg, recalled that Mahler was incredibly demanding and impolite. Many of the musicians resented him. Finally, in 1900, the orchestra went to Paris, where it had huge artistic success, but horrible financial failure. In fact, there was not even enough money to transport the ensemble back to Vienna."
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Composer Rivalry, 2005.
This paper examines the conflict and rivalry between Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri in the Classical Period.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the mysterious rivalry between Salieri and Mozart cannot be fully explained. The paper discusses how this is due to the highly speculative accounts of poisoning, political betrayal and musical intrigue that was between the two men. The paper maintains that the facts surrounding the characterization of Salieri as Papageno, have to be, by far, the most interesting of the musical aspects of these composers. The paper shows how the transcendence of competition was most likely apparent through the letters of Salieri, which suggest a somewhat jealous fascination with Mozart.
From the Paper
"This musical study will analyze the premise of the musical and political rivalry between the two Classical composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. In this respect, the competition between both of these men was reflected in how they created music and how they clashed on issues of popularity in the musical environment of this period. By analyzing these facets of the two composers, one can realize the intense rivalry that existed in relation to Mozart's genius and the political and cultural power that Salieri wielded in this manner. In Mozart's opera "The Magic Flute" (1791) it is known that the competitive and arrogant nature of Salieri was not well liked by Mozart in the musical environment of this part of the Classical Period."
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Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the works of composers Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how two of the most notable romantic composers of the 19th century are Richard Wagner and Giuseppe Verdi. It looks at how both composers share the distinction of being the greatest opera composers of their home county. Wagner was acknowledged as the greatest German composer of the 19th century and Verdi as the greatest Italian composer. The paper also examines how both composers experimented on their own style and how both composers have influenced many composers after them.
Outline:
Short Biographies
Richard Wagner
Works of Richard Wagner
Giuseppe Verdi: Life and Works
Wagner vs. Verdi
From the Paper
"The later years of Richard Wagner gave rise to his masterpieces which advanced the art of opera. His masterpieces in this stage in life include Tirstan und Isolde (1857-59) which was considered by many to be Wagner's greatest single opera. Another masterpiece was Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg (1862-67) which was Wagner's only comedic opera. This stage in Wagner's life is also responsible for the creation of one of the lengthiest operas that is still performed today, Der Ring Des Nibelungen (The Ring Cycle) which took around 20 years to complete and requires around 15 hours to perform. The Ring Cycle is a set of four operas that are based on characters and elements from the Norse mythology especially those of the Teutonic myth. "
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Gershwin and Copland, 2002.
A discussion of the music of the American composers George Gershwin and Aaron Copland.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces two composers, George Gershwin and Aaron Copland, who both worked in the early 20th century. Specifically, it discusses opinion about their music and evaluates why these two composers are so quintessentially American. It looks at how George Gershwin wrote popular music and how early in his career was dismissed because he was not a "classical" composer, although his music is both classical and popular. It shows how Aaron Copland, on the other hand, also wrote popular music, especially for films but how he is better known for his classical compositions and American ballets.
From the Paper
"Listening to Gershwin's compositions is always a treat because I hear something different each time I listen. "Rhapsody in Blue" has so many melodies and themes going on, that all come together in the recognizable theme that winds its way through the music, that I can listen to it a hundred times and still smile as it comes to a climatic close. The alternating orchestrations and beats, the lyrical and romantic qualities of the music, and the pictures it conjures up are all pleasurable and enduring, just like the music itself. While "Rhapsody" may be his most enduring piece, certainly many others embody his graceful and lyrical style. The "Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra" is a darker piece, which seems to evoke more images of the night in it, and a stronger, even more vital rhythm and beat than "Rhapsody," but it is clear the two pieces were written by the same composer. They share the same lyrical and lilting piano style, staccato trumpet solos, and that same slightly jazzy style which brings up pictures of a busy New York street on a Saturday night. Gershwin is a joy to listen to because his pieces are uplifting and make you want to listen to more."
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Major Musical Periods, 2001.
An interesting look at music through the ages with examples of music from the periods and their composers.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the characteristics of different time periods in music starting with Medieval music and cites examples in each category. The author then moves on to look at some prominent composers, including, (to name but a few), Purcell, Vivaldi, Shutz, Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, and shows how their works demonstrate the traits of the periods previously mentioned. The author concludes with a brief discussion of form and structure looking at various examples such as song form, themes and variations and sonatas.
From the paper:
?Franz Liszt
Liszt was a composer of the Romantic period and was among the first to arrange entire programs of solo piano music. He composed piano miniatures, solo piano music, transcription pieces, symphonic poems and symphonies. Some of his best known pieces include Mephisto Waltz, Totenanz,Leibestraum and the Hungarian Rhapsodies.?
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Beethoven's First & Fifth Symphonies, 1999.
Analyzes structures, movements, forms, tonality, innovations, key shifts and instruments; compared to other composers' works.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
"Ludwig van Beethoven's composing career began in the last decade of the 18th century and ended with his death in 1827, and thus spanned from the Classical to the Romantic period. In his youth, he studied under F. Joseph Haydn, one of the greatest Classical composers; in his maturity, he anticipated the Romantic style which was later fully realized in the works of Schubert, Schumann, and Berlioz, among others.
From the Paper
"Ludwig van Beethoven's composing career began in the last decade of the 18th century and ended with his death in 1827, and thus spanned from the Classical to the Romantic period. In his youth, he studied under F. Joseph Haydn, one of the greatest Classical composers; in his maturity, he anticipated the Romantic style which was later fully realized in the works of Schubert, Schumann, and Berlioz, among others. Beethoven's wrote only nine symphonies; on its face this seems paltry compared to Haydn and Mozart, who established the Classical symphonic style--between them, they wrote over 150. However, despite the beauty (and often humor) found in Haydn's symphonies and the sheer brilliance of Mozart's, Beethoven single-handedly redefined the form and used it as a means of emotional, as well as musical, expression. This research will examine two of Beethoven's symphonies, his.."
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Tchaikovsky's Symphonies Five and Six, 2008.
This paper analyzes and compares the fifth and sixth symphonies composed by the Russian romantic composer, Peter Il'yich Tchaikovsky.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Tchaikovsky's "Symphony Five" and "Symphony Six" ("Pathetique Symphony") are mature compositions, showing the full flowering of the composer's romanticism and his musical ability. The author presents, for both symphonies, the background, organization, stylistic developments, orchestration and themes and progressions of each movement. The paper relates that the plan for the most of Tchaikovsky's symphonies begins with a pessimistic first movement, a second that is sad and peaceful, a third with an allegro movement in dance form and a fourth that is vigorous. The author points out that the "Sixth Symphony" does not follow this pattern in that the last movement is slow and mournful, giving rise to the idea of it being prophetic because of the death of the composer soon after it was premiered.
From the Paper
"Garden states that the Fifth Symphony is more operatic even than the Fourth Symphony, using highly colored orchestration and a vivid presentation of ideas as did the Fourth, but also using operatic crescendos and more frequent alterations in tempo. This is particularly true in the slow movement, which makes use at the outset of the operatic aria in the Andante cantabile, con alcuna licenza, and with the licenza marked in the score. Garden also cites the way Tchaikovsky seeks contrasts with contrasting blocks of similar instruments."
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Love, Sex and Death in Music, 2005.
This paper discusses the themes of love, sex and death in the music of the modern world and looks at the work of three composers, Mozart, Chopin and Monteverdi.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the conceits of sex, love, and death as they are portrayed in the representative works of three great "modern" composers. This paper argues that these three individuals do possess modern sensibilities vis-a-vis at least one or two of the items mentioned above, but they are also distinctively unique in several respects. The paper, in any event, notes how a full appreciation of the relationship between music and the baring of the human soul can only be possible by reviewing the work of these three gentlemen.
From the Paper
"Love, Sex and Death are common preoccupations of all ages. In particular, the work of three great "modern" composers - Mozart, Chopin, and Monteverdi - mirrors our own obsessions with these elements of the human experience. In brief, it may be said that Mozart's satyric treatment of sex is thoroughly "modern" in its cynicism; it may also be said that Chopin's haunting Sonata in Bb Minor is a "democratization" of the experience of death and the suffering of those left behind to grieve the loss of loved ones. Finally, it may be suggested that Monteverdi, despite his contributions to modern opera, is the least "modern" of all because the over-riding theme of his Orfeo - the irreparable loss of a loved one - is replete with patriarchal, pre-modern romantic conceits."
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Characteristics of Classical Music, 2005.
This paper analyzes the art form of classical music and discusses its history and composers.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following discussion provides an analysis of the Classical Era, which represents much of the work of Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn. The writer points out that these composers have withstood the test of time due to their valuable and significant contributions to the classical music genre, and their unique works continue to be enjoyed by individuals of all ages and cultures.
From the Paper
"The role of classical music as a bona fide art form is of critical importance to the development of music as a means of true artistic expression. During one of the most formidable periods of classical music, which took place during the 1700s and 1800s, there was a reintroduction of traditional forms to the music genre, which provided a means of structure and symmetry that was not evident for some time. This period in music history provided a greater emphasis on simplicity, and it removed some of the emotional context that Baroque music was known for. This era is perhaps best known for the development of the following musical forms: symphonies, sonatas, and concertos, all of which provided enormous contributions to the period as a whole."
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